Germany is one of the most populous countries in Europe and the second largest at the socio-economic level. The country is known for its rich history, cultural heritage and leading role in European politics. However, to understand Germany as a whole, it is necessary to study its population and demographic aspects.
German population statistics show its constant growth. As of January 2021, the population is approximately 83 million. Germany is a constant target of migration and is also a country that hosts a large number of refugees. This makes Germany one of the most diverse populations of any European country.
It is also worth noting that Germany is currently facing the problem of an aging population. In the relatively coming decades, the percentage of citizens over the age of 65 will increase significantly, while the percentage of working age residents will decline. This can affect the economy and social sphere of the country.
Interesting facts about the population of Germany:
— Germany is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. Large cities such as Berlin, Munich and Hamburg offer ample opportunities for work and study.
— The cultural diversity of Germany is reflected in national customs and language. German is spoken here, however, there are also regional dialects, which are sometimes very different from each other.
— In Germany there is freedom of religion, and everyone has the right to choose their religion. Christianity is the most common religion, but there are also Muslim, Jewish and other religions.
— Education in Germany is at a high level. The country is famous for its universities and its education system is one of the best in the world.
Germany population statistics
The average population density in Germany is about 235 people per square kilometer. The country’s population is heterogeneously distributed, with most people living in the southern and western parts of Germany, including large cities such as Berlin, Munich and Hamburg.
According to the latest census, the proportion of men and women is approximately equal, but there may be some variation in different regions. The average age of the German population is about 45 years.
Life expectancy in Germany is high and is around 81 years for men and 86 years for women. This is due to the developed healthcare system and favorable living conditions.
Germany is a multicultural country with many immigrants. Most immigrants in Germany come from other European countries such as Turkey, Poland and Italy. The country is also home to a significant number of refugees.
Interesting fact: Germany is one of the most aging countries in the world. According to demographers, in the coming decades the number of elderly people will significantly exceed the number of young people.
Demographics
The demographic structure of the German population is characterized by a high level of urbanization. About 77% of the country’s residents live in cities and urban settlements. Among the cities of Germany, such large metropolises as Berlin, Munich, Hamburg and Cologne stand out.
The average population density in Germany is about 237 people per square kilometer. However, the distribution of the population throughout the country is uneven. The most densely populated regions are in the western part of the country and in the southern states such as North Rhine-Westphalia and Bavaria.
The average life expectancy in Germany is about 81 years. The country is experiencing a change in the demographic pyramid — the proportion of the elderly population is increasing and the number of children is decreasing. More than 21% of the German population is over 65 years of age.
| Population | Men | Women |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 40 938 704 | 42 149 543 |
| 0-14 years | 5 061 876 | 4,795,600 |
| 15-64 years old | 24 575 070 | 23 938 611 |
| 65 and older | 11 301 758 | 13 415 332 |
The proportion of the foreign population in Germany is also significant. More than 11 million people, or about 13% of the population, are foreigners. The largest proportion are citizens from EU countries, especially Poland, Romania and Italy. Germany is also home to a large number of guest workers from Eastern Europe and the Middle East.
Population growth
The population of Germany tends to gradually increase. According to the latest statistics, the country’s population is more than 82 million people. This makes Germany one of the most populous countries in Europe.
Germany’s population growth is driven by several factors. Firstly, the high level of migration. The country is attractive to immigrants from various countries due to its developed economy, high standard of living and quality of education. This leads to a natural increase in population.
Secondly, high life expectancy is one of the reasons for population growth. Thanks to modern medicine and good health care, Germans are living longer and longer. Most people have access to high-quality health care, which allows them to stay healthy and live longer lives.
The third factor influencing population growth is the high birth rate. Germany has a stable support system for families with children, which allows parents to combine work and raising children. This creates a favorable environment for giving birth and raising children.
| Year | Population (millions) |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 81.7 |
| 2012 | 82.6 |
| 2014 | 82.9 |
| 2016 | 82.8 |
| 2018 | 82.9 |
The table shows that the population of Germany is gradually growing. Overall, this indicates positive demographic trends in the country.
Mortality
Average life expectancy in Germany is about 81 years for men and 85 years for women. However, these indicators may vary depending on the region and social status. For example, in East Germany, life expectancy is generally lower than in West Germany.
The most common causes of death in Germany include cardiovascular diseases, cancer and respiratory diseases. Accidents and suicides also significantly affect the overall mortality rate of the population. It should be noted that mortality from some diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, is declining in Germany due to improved medical technology and prevention programs.
To control mortality, Germany has introduced various measures to improve the quality of healthcare and carry out preventive measures. The country is actively implementing programs for early diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, as well as taking comprehensive measures to reduce the level of smoking, alcohol consumption and unhealthy lifestyles.
Mortality is an important factor influencing the demographic situation and socio-economic development of Germany. Although the overall mortality trend is decreasing, this problem remains relevant and requires further study and the adoption of effective measures to reduce it.
Fertility
The decline in the birth rate in Germany is explained by several factors. First, economic difficulties and instability may discourage young spouses from deciding to have children. High housing prices, a lack of high-paying jobs and high unemployment create an unfavorable environment for having and raising children. Secondly, changing social values and priorities also have an impact on fertility. Young people are increasingly striving for a career and financial independence, postponing the decision to start a family until later in life.
German authorities are taking measures to support fertility and families. Government programs provide financial benefits to families with children, long-day kindergartens and schools, benefits for mothers, parental leave and other measures that enable parents to better cope with the increased costs of raising children and combining work and work. family life.
All these measures are aimed at creating a favorable environment for the birth and raising of children, and to encourage young people in Germany to decide to start a family. Despite the difficulties, there is still hope for an improvement in the situation, and the government continues to work to strengthen the birth rate in the country.
Ethnic composition
Officially, in Germany there is a concept of “citizenship”, and German citizenship does not depend on ethnicity. However, Germany has numerous ethnic minorities that make up a significant proportion of the population.
According to statistics, about 80% of the population of Germany are ethnic Germans, and the German ethnic group is the dominant one in the country. However, Germany also has a significant number of immigrants and descendants of immigrants, giving it ethnic and cultural diversity.
Important ethnic groups in Germany are the Turks, who form one of the largest migration groups. The country is also home to a significant number of Russians, Poles, Italians, Greeks, Spaniards and representatives of other ethnic groups.
| Ethnic group | Share in total population |
|---|---|
| Germans | 80% |
| Turks | 3.7% |
| Russians | 2.1% |
| Poles | 0.9% |
| Italians | 0.8% |
| Greeks | 0.4% |
| Spaniards | 0.3% |
The ethnic composition of Germany may vary depending on geographical location. Some regions have a high concentration of certain ethnic groups, giving the appearance of ethnic communities or cultural districts.
Society in Germany is gradually changing, also due to immigration. In recent years, Germany has become an attractive immigration destination for people from various countries.
Germans
According to statistics from the German Federal Statistical Office, as of 2021 the population of Germany is about 83 million people, of which about 75 million are German. They live in both cities and rural areas of the country.
Germans are known for their hard work, discipline and integrity. They are also renowned for their contributions to various fields of science, art, sports and technology. Germany is known for its great composers (Bach, Beethoven, Wagner), philosophers (Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche), writers (Goethe, Schiller, Kafka), scientists (Einstein, Heisenberg, Stern), athletes (Müller, Neuer, Schumacher) and many other prominent personalities.
Traditional German values such as family, hard work, quality and reliability remain important today. German families are often characterized by close bonds and caring for each other. Education is of great importance in German society, which is why most German citizens have a university or secondary education.
German is the official language of Germany and is spoken by the majority of the population. It belongs to the West Germanic group of languages and is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. Most Germans speak English at a good level, which makes them even more multilingual and communicative.
The Germans have their own national holidays, which are celebrated throughout the country. Holidays such as Solidarity Day, German Reunification Day and Christmas are important events in the life of the German nation.
| Population | Official language | Important holidays |
|---|---|---|
| 75 million | German | Solidarity Day, German Unification Day, Christmas |
Germans are an integral part of German society and culture. Their contribution to the development of Germany and the world cannot be overestimated, and they continue to be a key element of German identity.
Minorities
In addition to the Turks, Germany has a large Polish, Italian and Russian population. The influence of these national groups on German culture and society cannot be overestimated.
The Muslim community is also a significant minority in Germany. There are approximately 5 million Muslims in the country, representing approximately 6% of the total population. Islam is the third largest religion in Germany after Christianity and irreligion.
Germany’s minorities form an important and integral part of society. They enrich cultural diversity and contribute to the development of the country.